Regional human rights instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Regional human rights instruments - Essay Example They can, however, have an ethical consequence and offer guidance to States about their responsibilities2. In Asia, the association of the 10 states of South-east Asian Nations (ASEAN) has acknowledged a regional human rights system for South-East Asia. In 2007, State leaders signed an ASEAN agreement, come into power in 2008 following endorsement by all 10 member states. The Charter offers ASEAN a bureaucratic basis that ascertains an institutional arrangement and forbids policy of course. In 2009, the ASEAN inter legislative Commission on Human Rights occurred in the 15th ASEAN meeting. The ASEAN Commission in 2010 for the protection and Promotion of the Rights of Women as well as Children (ACWC) was also acknowledged3. In Europe, the local preparations for protecting human rights are extensive. They involve the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the Organization for Cooperation and security in Europe4. All these intergovernmental organizations have their own regional human rights instruments and mechanisms. ... all over the world have built up domestic law and constitutions that mirror elementary human rights values though there is major discrepancy among States in their advances6. The federal government in Peru goes into international treaties devoid of parliamentary consent. While it cannot necessitate the provinces to apply international human rights agreements in region falling in /territorial control, provincial, federal, and territorial governments usually share their human rights schedules and the federal government gets into treaties with provincial approval1. In Peru, a dualist approach is followed. This means that global human rights treaties must be included into local legislation to have impact in domestic courts. In general, global human rights agreements are not included into local legislation, posing a challenge to their implementation within the territories and provinces. Assessing Peru’s conformity with its treaty requirements and associated jurisprudence can be hard as there are two parts to consider: jurisprudence for normal legislation and jurisprudence for the constitution of Peru and the Peru Charter of Rights and basic Freedoms7. In the ordinary legislation, the courts have argued that judges should endeavor to interpret such laws according to relevant international requirements. If the express requirements of a domestic decree are dissimilar to or conflicting with Peru’s international requirements, the former overcomes. The judiciary is therefore not bound to apply the international human rights treaty requirements of Peru, even though they will be a pertinent and important factor in the courts' explanation of the Charter8. There can be vagueness among lawyers and judges about the connection between the international human rights treaties and the

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example The point stated in the second article is about emphasizing the detrimental impacts of organized criminals, hacktivists, industrial spies and foreign governments by which they take inappropriate advantage of a cyber environment. Concerning this, 25 associations and the Edison Electric Institute signed a letter to the House leadership voicing out their concerns on the associated principles and opportunities on the topic of cybersecurity and industry (Cyber Principles, 2012). Their voices have become crucial to Senate’s decision for passing legislation on the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. They also have remarkable point by simply trying to convince the Congress with appropriate information favoring on their part and that would meet the need of private economic sectors. This could then point to clear justification of the right legislation and appropriate response from the criminal justice sector. The third article involves discussion of some â€Å"tips for integ rating military intelligence and information for US military commanders as of early 2012† (Flynn & Flynn, 2012, p.4). There are ten points discussed in the article including construction of fusion cells, quality of leadership of military ranks and the synchronization of intelligence and information. ... The three articles provide information that at some point would pave the way for understanding how the criminal justice agencies address modern crimes associated with the advancement of technology or communications technologies. It is clear that many have changed how criminal groups operate from the past compared at present. Now, it is a challenge on the part of the criminal justice agencies to initiate effective and efficient move in order to cope with these various changes. According to Kotter (1998), leadership is about coping with change and it significantly complements with management that also tries to cope with complexity. By this, he does not exclude the idea that leadership in today’s modern world should also try to address faster technological change. Faster technological change based on the above summaries of three articles has become gateway to modern formation of various criminal acts. The chosen three articles could substantiate this point. The first article simp ly tries to expound the challenge of criminal justice agencies to fight prevailing problem associated with cyber sex and child sexual exploitation with the aid of internet. Aside from this, based on the second article, industry and business sectors are also in danger of shaking off their privacy and some potential economic harm that organized criminals, hackers, industrial spies and other modern criminal groups would throw in. In addition, modern terroristic groups have relied on up-to-date technologies. By this, the criminal justice system should also not rely on hopelessly outmoded technologies in generating intelligence and other related information linked with highly established criminal crime groups. Thus, the point of the authors in the third article